Os Realismos Possíveis no Cinema: Do naturalismo ao realismo estético

Speaking about authenticity in cinema—including a distinctly aesthetic authenticity—always entails invoking some form of realism. The experience of authenticity necessarily relies on some realist referential; otherwise, it would not even make sense to speak of authenticity. However, realism operates in various ways in cinematographic perception. There are distinct modes of realism that can intersect and coexist within the same cinematographic object. Therefore, it is insufficient to speak of authenticity in broad terms to describe the aesthetic relationship between cinema and realism. It will be necessary to distinguish the different modes of authenticity applicable to cinema and its genres and regimes—starting with the inherently realist character of the technical device itself—so that the specificity of a distinctly aesthetic authenticity can eventually be deduced and described.